Ferronat may be available in the countries listed below.
Ferrous Fumarate is reported as an ingredient of Ferronat in the following countries:
Ferrous Gluconate is reported as an ingredient of Ferronat in the following countries:
Ferrous Sulfate is reported as an ingredient of Ferronat in the following countries:
International Drug Name Search
Mixtard 20 Penfill may be available in the countries listed below.
Insulin Injection, Biphasic Isophane human (a derivative of Insulin Injection, Biphasic Isophane) is reported as an ingredient of Mixtard 20 Penfill in the following countries:
International Drug Name Search
Floxal EDO may be available in the countries listed below.
Ofloxacin is reported as an ingredient of Floxal EDO in the following countries:
International Drug Name Search
Domes may be available in the countries listed below.
Nimesulide is reported as an ingredient of Domes in the following countries:
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Pacid may be available in the countries listed below.
Pantoprazole is reported as an ingredient of Pacid in the following countries:
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Penthotal Sodium may be available in the countries listed below.
Thiopental Sodium is reported as an ingredient of Penthotal Sodium in the following countries:
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Cefalotina 1g.Drawer may be available in the countries listed below.
Cefalotin sodium salt (a derivative of Cefalotin) is reported as an ingredient of Cefalotina 1g.Drawer in the following countries:
International Drug Name Search
Diabetes is a life-long disease marked by high levels of sugar in the blood.
It can be caused by too little insulin (a hormone produced by the pancreas to regulate
blood sugar), resistance to insulin, or both.
Also see: Diabetes Overview | Symptoms & Complications | Diabetes Treatment | Risk Factors & Prevention
To understand diabetes, it is important to first understand the normal process
of food metabolism. Several things happen when food is digested:
People with diabetes have high blood glucose. This is because their pancreas
does not make enough insulin or their muscle, fat, and liver cells do not respond
to insulin normally, or both.
There are three major types of diabetes:
Diabetes affects about 18 million Americans. There are many risk factors for
diabetes, including:
The American Diabetes Association recommends that all adults be screened for
diabetes at least every three years. A person at high risk should be screened more
often.
High blood levels of glucose can cause several problems, including frequent urination,
excessive thirst, hunger, fatigue, weight loss, and blurry vision. However, because
type 2 diabetes develops slowly, some people with high blood sugar experience no
symptoms at all.
Symptoms of type 1 diabetes:
Symptoms of type 2 diabetes:
A urine analysis may be
used to look for glucose and ketones from the breakdown of fat. However, a urine
test alone does not diagnose diabetes. The following blood glucose tests are used
to diagnose diabetes:
Patients with type 1 diabetes usually develop symptoms over a short period of
time, and the condition is often diagnosed in an emergency setting. In addition
to having high glucose levels, acutely ill type 1 diabetics have high levels of
ketones.
Ketones are produced by the breakdown of fat and muscle, and they are toxic at
high levels. Ketones in the blood cause a condition called "acidosis" (low blood
pH). Urine testing detects both glucose and ketones in the urine. Blood glucose
levels are also high.
There is no cure for diabetes. The immediate goals are to stabilize your blood
sugar and eliminate the symptoms of high blood sugar. The long-term goals of treatment
are to prolong life, relieve symptoms, and prevent long-term complications such
as heart disease and kidney failure.
LEARN THESE SKILLS
Basic diabetes management skills will help prevent the need for emergency care.
These skills include:
After you learn the basics of diabetes care, learn how the disease can cause
long-term health problems and the best ways to prevent these problems. People with
diabetes need to review and update their knowledge, because new research and improved
ways to treat diabetes are constantly being developed.
WHAT TO EAT
You should work closely with your health care provider to learn how much fat,
protein, and carbohydrates you need in your diet. Your specific meal plans need
to be tailored to your food habits and preferences. People with type 1 diabetes
should eat at about the same times each day and try to be consistent with the types
of food they choose. This helps to prevent blood sugars from becoming extremely
high or low. Type 2 diabetics should follow a well-balanced and low-fat diet.
A registered dietician can be very helpful in planning dietary needs.
Weight management is important to achieving control of diabetes. Some people
with type 2 diabetes can stop medications after losing excess weight, although the
diabetes is still present.
HOW TO TAKE INSULIN OR ORAL MEDICATION
Medications to treat diabetes include insulin and glucose-lowering pills, called
oral hypoglycemic agents. The bodies of people with type 1 diabetes cannot make
their own insulin, so daily insulin injections are required. The bodies of people
with type 2 diabetes make insulin but cannot use it effectively.
Insulin is not available in oral form. It is delivered by injections that are
generally required one to four times per day. Some people use an insulin pump, which
is worn at all times and delivers a steady flow of insulin throughout the day.
Insulin preparations differ in how quickly they start to work and how long they
remain active. Sometimes different types of insulin are mixed together in a single
injection. The types of insulin to use, the doses required, and the number of daily
injections are chosen by a health care professional trained to provide diabetes
care.
People who need insulin are taught to give themselves injections by their health
care providers or diabetes educators.
Unlike type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes may respond to treatment with exercise,
diet, and/or oral medications. There are several oral hypoglycemic agents that lower
blood glucose in type 2 diabetes. They fall into one of three groups:
Most type 2 diabetics will require more than one medication for good blood sugar
control within three years of starting their first medication. Different groups
of oral medications may be combined, or insulin and oral medications may be used
together.
Some people with type 2 diabetes find they no longer need medication if they
lose weight and increase activity, because when their ideal weight is reached, their
own insulin and a careful diet can control their blood glucose levels.
Oral hypoglycemic agents are not known to be safe for use in pregnancy; women
who have type 2 diabetes and take these medications may be switched to insulin during
pregnancy and while breast-feeding.
Gestational diabetes is treated with diet and insulin.
SELF-TESTING
Self-monitoring of blood glucose is done by checking the glucose content of a
drop of blood. Regular testing tells you how well diet, medication, and exercise
are working together to control your diabetes.
The results of the test can be used to adjust meals, activity, or medications
to keep blood sugar levels in an appropriate range. Testing provides valuable information
for the health care provider and identifies high and low blood sugar levels before
serious problems develop.
The American Diabetes Association recommends that premeal blood sugar levels
fall in the range of 80 to 120 mg/dL and bedtime blood levels fall in the range
of 100 to 140 mg/dL. Your doctor may adjust this depending on your circumstances.
You should also ask your doctor how often to check your
hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level.
The HbA1c is a measure of average blood glucose during the previous two to three
months. It is a very helpful way to monitor a patient's overall response to diabetes
treatment over time. A person without diabetes has an HbA1c around 5%. People with
diabetes should try to keep it below 7%.
Ketone testing is another test that is used in type 1 diabetes. Ketones build
up in the blood when there is not enough insulin in people with type 1 diabetes,
eventually "spilling over" into the urine. The ketone test is done on a urine sample.
High levels of blood ketones may result in a serious condition called
ketoacidosis.
Ketone testing is usually done at the following times:
EXERCISE
Regular exercise is especially important for people with diabetes. It helps with
blood sugar control, weight loss, and high blood pressure. People with diabetes
who exercise are less likely to experience a heart attack or stroke than diabetics
who do not exercise regularly. You should be evaluated by your physician before
starting an exercise program.
Here are some exercise considerations:
Changes in exercise intensity or duration may require changes in diet or medication
dose to keep blood sugar levels from going too high or low.
FOOT CARE
People with diabetes are prone to foot problems because of the likelihood of
damage to blood vessels and nerves and a decreased ability to fight infection. Problems
with blood flow and damage to nerves may cause an injury to the foot to go unnoticed
until infection develops. Death of skin and other tissue can occur.
If left untreated, the affected foot may need to be amputated. Diabetes is the
most common condition leading to amputations.
To prevent injury to the feet, people with diabetes should adopt a daily routine
of checking and caring for the feet as follows:
For additional information, see
diabetes resources.
The risks of long-term complications from diabetes can be reduced.
The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) studied the effects of tight
blood sugar control on complications in type 1 diabetes. Patients treated for tight
blood glucose control had an average HbA1c of approximately 7%, while patients treated
less aggressively had an average HbA1c of about 9%. At the end of the study, the
tight blood glucose group had dramatically fewer cases of kidney disease, eye disease,
and nervous system disease than the less-aggressively treated patients.
In the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), researchers followed
nearly 4,000 people with type 2 diabetes for 10 years. The study monitored how tight
control of blood glucose (HbA1c of 7% or less) and blood pressure (less than 144
over less than 82) could protect a person from the long-term complications of diabetes.
This study found dramatically lower rates of kidney, eye, and nervous system
complications in patients with tight control of blood glucose. In addition, there
was a significant drop in all diabetes-related deaths, including lower risks of
heart attack and stroke. Tight control of blood pressure was also found to lower
the risks of heart disease and stroke.
The results of the DCCT and the UKPDS dramatically demonstrate that good blood
glucose and blood pressure control, many of the complications of diabetes can be
prevented.
Emergency complications include
diabetic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar coma.
Long-term complications include:
Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if
symptoms of ketoacidosis occur:
Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number if symptoms of extremely
low blood sugar (hypoglycemic
coma or severe
insulin reaction) occur:
Maintaining an ideal body weight and an active lifestyle may prevent the onset
of type 2 diabetes. Currently there is no way to prevent type 1 diabetes.
Also see: Diabetes Overview | Symptoms & Complications | Diabetes Treatment | Risk Factors & Prevention
Generic Name: oxycodone (Oral route)
ox-i-KOE-done hye-droe-KLOR-ide
Oxycodone hydrochloride is an opioid agonist and a Schedule II controlled substance with an abuse potential similar to morphine. Patients should be assessed for their clinical risks for opioid abuse or addiction prior to being prescribed opioids. Oxycodone hydrochloride controlled-release tablets are indicated for continuous, around the clock analgesia for an extended period of time; not for use on an as needed basis. The 60 mg and 80 mg tablets, a single dose greater than 40 mg, or a total daily dose greater than 80 mg, are only for use in opioid-tolerant patients as they may cause fatal respiratory depression when administered to patients who are not tolerant to the respiratory depressant effects of opioids. Oxycodone hydrochloride controlled-release tablets must be swallowed whole to avoid a rapid release of the drug which can be potentially fatal. Concomitant use with CYP3A4 inhibitors may result in an increase in oxycodone plasma concentrations and may cause potentially fatal respiratory depression .
In the U.S.
In Canada
Available Dosage Forms:
Therapeutic Class: Analgesic
Chemical Class: Oxycodone
Oxycodone is used to relieve moderate to severe pain. It belongs to the group of medicines called narcotic analgesics (pain medicines). Oxycodone acts on the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain.
When oxycodone is used for a long time, it may become habit-forming, causing mental or physical dependence. However, people who have continuing pain should not let the fear of dependence keep them from using narcotics to relieve their pain. Mental dependence (addiction) is not likely to occur when narcotics are used for this purpose. Physical dependence may lead to withdrawal side effects if treatment is stopped suddenly. However, severe withdrawal side effects can usually be prevented by gradually reducing the dose over a period of time before treatment is stopped completely.
This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription.
In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this medicine, the following should be considered:
Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.
Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of oxycodone in the pediatric population. Safety and efficacy have not been established.
Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of oxycodone in the elderly. However, elderly patients are more likely to have age-related liver or kidney problems, which may require caution and an adjustment in the dose for patients receiving oxycodone.
| Pregnancy Category | Explanation | |
|---|---|---|
| All Trimesters | B | Animal studies have revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus, however, there are no adequate studies in pregnant women OR animal studies have shown an adverse effect, but adequate studies in pregnant women have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus. |
Studies in women breastfeeding have demonstrated harmful infant effects. An alternative to this medication should be prescribed or you should stop breastfeeding while using this medicine.
Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking this medicine, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication or change some of the other medicines you take.
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.
Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.
Using this medicine with any of the following is usually not recommended, but may be unavoidable in some cases. If used together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use this medicine, or give you special instructions about the use of food, alcohol, or tobacco.
The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of this medicine. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:
This section provides information on the proper use of a number of products that contain oxycodone. It may not be specific to Oxydose. Please read with care.
Take this medicine only as directed by your doctor. Do not take more of it, do not take it more often, and do not take it for a longer time than your doctor ordered. This is especially important for elderly patients, who may be more sensitive to the effects of pain medicines. If too much of this medicine is taken for a long time, it may become habit-forming (causing mental or physical dependence).
This medicine comes with a patient information leaflet. Read and follow these instructions carefully. Ask your doctor if you have any questions.
Oxycodone extended-release tablets should only be used by patients who have already been taking narcotic pain medicines, also called opioids. These patients are called opioid-tolerant. If you are uncertain whether or not you are opioid-tolerant, check with your doctor before using this medicine.
Measure the oral liquid concentrate with the calibrated dropper that comes with the package. Your doctor may have you mix the concentrate with a small amount of liquid or food. Carefully follow the instructions and take the medicine mixture right away.
Measure the oral liquid with a marked measuring spoon, oral syringe, or medicine cup. The average household teaspoon may not hold the right amount of liquid.
Swallow the Oxecta® or OxyContin® tablet whole with water. Do not break, crush, cut, chew, or dissolve it. Do not pre-soak, lick, or wet the tablet before placing it in the mouth. Take one tablet at a time. Also, do not give this medicine through nasogastric or feeding tubes.
Oxycodone extended-release tablets work differently from the regular oxycodone oral solution or tablets, even at the same dose. Do not switch from one brand or form to the other unless your doctor tells you to.
The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.
The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.
If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.
Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.
Keep out of the reach of children.
Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.
Ask your healthcare professional how you should dispose of any medicine you do not use.
Oxycodone can cause serious unwanted effects if taken by adults who are not used to strong narcotic pain medicines, children, or pets. Make sure you store the medicine in a safe and secure place to prevent others from getting it.
Flush the unused extended-release tablets and immediate-release tablets down the toilet.
It is very important that your doctor check your progress while you are taking this medicine. This will allow your doctor to see if the medicine is working properly and to decide if you should continue to take it.
This medicine will add to the effects of alcohol and other CNS depressants (medicines that can make you drowsy or less alert). Some examples of CNS depressants are antihistamines or medicine for allergies or colds; sedatives, tranquilizers, or sleeping medicine; other prescription pain medicine or narcotics; medicine for seizures or barbiturates; muscle relaxants; or anesthetics, including some dental anesthetics. Check with your doctor before taking any of these medicines while you are using this medicine.
This medicine may be habit-forming. If you feel that the medicine is not working as well, do not use more than your prescribed dose. Call your doctor for instructions.
Dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting may occur when you get up suddenly from a lying or sitting position. Getting up slowly may help lessen this problem. Also, lying down for a while may relieve the dizziness or lightheadedness.
This medicine may make you dizzy, drowsy, or lightheaded. Make sure you know how you react to this medicine before you drive, use machines, or do anything else that could be dangerous if you are dizzy or not alert.
Using narcotics for a long time can cause severe constipation. To prevent this, your doctor may direct you to take laxatives, drink a lot of fluids, or increase the amount of fiber in your diet. Be sure to follow the directions carefully, because continuing constipation can lead to more serious problems.
If you have been using this medicine regularly for several weeks or longer, do not change your dose or suddenly stop using it without checking with your doctor. Your doctor may want you to gradually reduce the amount you are using before stopping it completely. This may help prevent worsening of your condition and reduce the possibility of withdrawal symptoms, such as abdominal or stomach cramps, anxiety, fever, nausea, runny nose, sweating, tremors, or trouble with sleeping.
Using this medicine while you are pregnant may cause serious unwanted effects in your newborn baby. Tell your doctor right away if you think you are pregnant or if you plan to become pregnant while using this medicine.
Do not take other medicines unless they have been discussed with your doctor. This includes prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicines and herbal or vitamin supplements.
Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:
Get emergency help immediately if any of the following symptoms of overdose occur:
Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:
Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
See also: Oxydose side effects (in more detail)
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In the US, Propine (dipivefrin ophthalmic) is a member of the drug class ophthalmic glaucoma agents and is used to treat Glaucoma - Open Angle and Intraocular Hypertension.
US matches:
UK matches:
Dipivefrine hydrochloride (a derivative of Dipivefrine) is reported as an ingredient of Propine in the following countries:
International Drug Name Search
Glossary
| SPC | Summary of Product Characteristics (UK) |
Tialaread may be available in the countries listed below.
Tiapride hydrochloride (a derivative of Tiapride) is reported as an ingredient of Tialaread in the following countries:
International Drug Name Search
Cefonicid Copernico may be available in the countries listed below.
Cefonicid disodium salt (a derivative of Cefonicid) is reported as an ingredient of Cefonicid Copernico in the following countries:
International Drug Name Search
